source: lib/arc.c @ dd95ce4

Last change on this file since dd95ce4 was dd95ce4, checked in by Wilmer van der Gaast <wilmer@…>, at 2013-04-20T13:17:22Z

Const is hard, let's go hacking.

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1/***************************************************************************\
2*                                                                           *
3*  BitlBee - An IRC to IM gateway                                           *
4*  Simple (but secure) ArcFour implementation for safer password storage.   *
5*                                                                           *
6*  Copyright 2006 Wilmer van der Gaast <wilmer@gaast.net>                   *
7*                                                                           *
8*  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or            *
9*  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public               *
10*  License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version            *
11*  2.1.                                                                     *
12*                                                                           *
13*  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,          *
14*  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of           *
15*  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU        *
16*  Lesser General Public License for more details.                          *
17*                                                                           *
18*  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License *
19*  along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,  *
20*  Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA           *
21*                                                                           *
22\***************************************************************************/
23
24/*
25   This file implements ArcFour-encryption, which will mainly be used to
26   save IM passwords safely in the new XML-format. Possibly other uses will
27   come up later. It's supposed to be quite reliable (thanks to the use of a
28   6-byte IV/seed), certainly compared to the old format. The only realistic
29   way to crack BitlBee passwords now is to use a sniffer to get your hands
30   on the user's password.
31   
32   If you see that something's wrong in this implementation (I asked a
33   couple of people to look at it already, but who knows), please tell me.
34   
35   The reason I picked ArcFour is because it's pretty simple but effective,
36   so it will work without adding several KBs or an extra library dependency.
37   
38   (ArcFour is an RC4-compatible cipher. See for details:
39   http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/draft-kaukonen-cipher-arcfour-03.txt)
40*/
41
42
43#include <glib.h>
44#include <gmodule.h>
45#include <stdlib.h>
46#include <string.h>
47#include "misc.h"
48#include "arc.h"
49
50/* Add some seed to the password, to make sure we *never* use the same key.
51   This defines how many bytes we use as a seed. */
52#define ARC_IV_LEN 6
53
54/* To defend against a "Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack", it is recommended
55   to shuffle S[] just a bit more before you start to use it. This defines how
56   many bytes we'll request before we'll really use them for encryption. */
57#define ARC_CYCLES 1024
58
59struct arc_state *arc_keymaker( unsigned char *key, int kl, int cycles )
60{
61        struct arc_state *st;
62        int i, j, tmp;
63        unsigned char S2[256];
64       
65        st = g_malloc( sizeof( struct arc_state ) );
66        st->i = st->j = 0;
67        if( kl <= 0 )
68                kl = strlen( (char*) key );
69       
70        for( i = 0; i < 256; i ++ )
71        {
72                st->S[i] = i;
73                S2[i] = key[i%kl];
74        }
75       
76        for( i = j = 0; i < 256; i ++ )
77        {
78                j = ( j + st->S[i] + S2[i] ) & 0xff;
79                tmp = st->S[i];
80                st->S[i] = st->S[j];
81                st->S[j] = tmp;
82        }
83       
84        memset( S2, 0, 256 );
85        i = j = 0;
86       
87        for( i = 0; i < cycles; i ++ )
88                arc_getbyte( st );
89       
90        return st;
91}
92
93/*
94   For those who don't know, ArcFour is basically an algorithm that generates
95   a stream of bytes after you give it a key. Just get a byte from it and
96   xor it with your cleartext. To decrypt, just give it the same key again
97   and start xorring.
98   
99   The function above initializes the byte generator, the next function can
100   be used to get bytes from the generator (and shuffle things a bit).
101*/
102
103unsigned char arc_getbyte( struct arc_state *st )
104{
105        unsigned char tmp;
106       
107        /* Unfortunately the st-> stuff doesn't really improve readability here... */
108        st->i ++;
109        st->j += st->S[st->i];
110        tmp = st->S[st->i];
111        st->S[st->i] = st->S[st->j];
112        st->S[st->j] = tmp;
113        tmp = (st->S[st->i] + st->S[st->j]) & 0xff;
114       
115        return st->S[tmp];
116}
117
118/*
119   The following two functions can be used for reliable encryption and
120   decryption. Known plaintext attacks are prevented by adding some (6,
121   by default) random bytes to the password before setting up the state
122   structures. These 6 bytes are also saved in the results, because of
123   course we'll need them in arc_decode().
124   
125   Because the length of the resulting string is unknown to the caller,
126   it should pass a char**. Since the encode/decode functions allocate
127   memory for the string, make sure the char** points at a NULL-pointer
128   (or at least to something you already free()d), or you'll leak
129   memory. And of course, don't forget to free() the result when you
130   don't need it anymore.
131   
132   Both functions return the number of bytes in the result string.
133   
134   Note that if you use the pad_to argument, you will need zero-termi-
135   nation to find back the original string length after decryption. So
136   it shouldn't be used if your string contains \0s by itself!
137*/
138
139int arc_encode( char *clear, int clear_len, unsigned char **crypt, char *password, int pad_to )
140{
141        struct arc_state *st;
142        unsigned char *key;
143        char *padded = NULL;
144        int key_len, i, padded_len;
145       
146        key_len = strlen( password ) + ARC_IV_LEN;
147        if( clear_len <= 0 )
148                clear_len = strlen( clear );
149       
150        /* Pad the string to the closest multiple of pad_to. This makes it
151           impossible to see the exact length of the password. */
152        if( pad_to > 0 && ( clear_len % pad_to ) > 0 )
153        {
154                padded_len = clear_len + pad_to - ( clear_len % pad_to );
155                padded = g_malloc( padded_len );
156                memcpy( padded, clear, clear_len );
157               
158                /* First a \0 and then random data, so we don't have to do
159                   anything special when decrypting. */
160                padded[clear_len] = 0;
161                random_bytes( (unsigned char*) padded + clear_len + 1, padded_len - clear_len - 1 );
162               
163                clear = padded;
164                clear_len = padded_len;
165        }
166       
167        /* Prepare buffers and the key + IV */
168        *crypt = g_malloc( clear_len + ARC_IV_LEN );
169        key = g_malloc( key_len );
170        strcpy( (char*) key, password );
171       
172        /* Add the salt. Save it for later (when decrypting) and, of course,
173           add it to the encryption key. */
174        random_bytes( crypt[0], ARC_IV_LEN );
175        memcpy( key + key_len - ARC_IV_LEN, crypt[0], ARC_IV_LEN );
176       
177        /* Generate the initial S[] from the IVed key. */
178        st = arc_keymaker( key, key_len, ARC_CYCLES );
179        g_free( key );
180       
181        for( i = 0; i < clear_len; i ++ )
182                crypt[0][i+ARC_IV_LEN] = clear[i] ^ arc_getbyte( st );
183       
184        g_free( st );
185        g_free( padded );
186       
187        return clear_len + ARC_IV_LEN;
188}
189
190int arc_decode( unsigned char *crypt, int crypt_len, char **clear, const char *password )
191{
192        struct arc_state *st;
193        unsigned char *key;
194        int key_len, clear_len, i;
195       
196        key_len = strlen( password ) + ARC_IV_LEN;
197        clear_len = crypt_len - ARC_IV_LEN;
198       
199        if( clear_len < 0 )
200        {
201                *clear = g_strdup( "" );
202                return -1;
203        }
204       
205        /* Prepare buffers and the key + IV */
206        *clear = g_malloc( clear_len + 1 );
207        key = g_malloc( key_len );
208        strcpy( (char*) key, password );
209        for( i = 0; i < ARC_IV_LEN; i ++ )
210                key[key_len-ARC_IV_LEN+i] = crypt[i];
211       
212        /* Generate the initial S[] from the IVed key. */
213        st = arc_keymaker( key, key_len, ARC_CYCLES );
214        g_free( key );
215       
216        for( i = 0; i < clear_len; i ++ )
217                clear[0][i] = crypt[i+ARC_IV_LEN] ^ arc_getbyte( st );
218        clear[0][i] = 0; /* Nice to have for plaintexts. */
219       
220        g_free( st );
221       
222        return clear_len;
223}
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